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What is Food Sovereignty

11/23/2013

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Source - Family Farm Defender
http://familyfarmers.org/

What is Food
Sovereignty?


Many people in the
U.S., even activists involved in food/farm issues, are
unfamiliar with the
concept of food sovereignty. Food security is a much more
common term,
invoked in the interest of providing food to the poor and hungry. 

Unfortunately, food security has also become a “Trojan Horse” for creeping

corporatization of the global food system.  In fact, the term emerged in
the
1970s when food was used as a Cold War weapon during the super power
struggle
across the global south.  As a watered down technical issue
of how best to get
food to those who need it, food security conveniently
avoids the deeper
political debate about why hunger exists at all in a
world that has plenty of
food – just not for the impoverished, landless, and powerless.  According to the
USDA, there are officially no longer
any hungry people in the U.S., just those
who are “food
insecure.”


Outside this country, one seldom
hears the term food security unless one
comes across western trained
technocrats, academic researchers, and disaster
relief managers. Local
people in agrarian societies are much more likely to have
conversations
about food sovereignty. That is because they still believe food is
a basic
human right, not just another market commodity, and they treat peasant

farmers with respect and dignity, rather than dismissing them as backward and

anachronistic.   Twenty countries even have the right to healthy,
nutritious,
culturally appropriate food guaranteed as part of their
constitutions!


Contrary to popular belief,
the majority of the world’s hungry actually dwell
in rural areas once known
for their agricultural expertise. This reversal of
human history has not
been an inevitable consequence of the “Green Revolution” –
rather it is due
to deliberate policies that have violently transformed local
food/farm
economies. To paraphrase the global “free trade” apologist, Thomas

Friedman, one can’t have McDonalds without McDonnell Douglas.  During the

19th century Irish potato famine, food was
still being forcibly
exported and this catastrophe has been repeated time and
again.  Under
the New World Order of the 21st
century, only those willing to play the
game and pay the going price can escape

hunger.


One thus finds powerful
institutions (World Bank, USAID, Rockefeller
Foundation, Gates Foundation)
compelling farmers to abandon native subsistence
crops (millet, taro,
quinoa, sorghum, maize) in favor of monocultures that are
often privately
patented and genetically engineered (cotton, soy, oil palm,
sugar cane),
while at the same time forcing communities to privatize their
common
property resources (seed, land, water, wildlife), and convincing
consumers
to “enjoy” dubious synthetic food byproducts (high fructose corn
syrup,
antibiotic-laden meat, milk protein concentrate, irradiated spinach,
hydrogenated margarine) – all in the name of competitive advantage and economic
efficiency.


Food sovereignty, on the
other hand, valorizes common sense principles of
community autonomy,
cultural integrity, and environmental stewardship – ie.
people determining
for themselves just what seeds they plant, which animals they
raise, how
they farm, and ultimately what they will eat for dinner. In fact,
some
would argue that genuine food security is impossible without first

achieving food sovereignty. As early as 1996 Via Campesina set forth its seven

principles of food sovereignty (see reverse) and these prompted much
discussion
at the Jan. 2001 World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil
leading to a Sept.
2001 World Forum on Food Sovereignty held in Cuba, as
well as the Nyeleni Food
Sovereignty Conference in Selingue, Mali in Feb.
2007


Adopting food sovereignty would have
sweeping implications in a political
setting such as the U.S., which is
probably why they have been so strongly
resisted by corporate agribusiness
and their political supporters.  Worse yet,
food sovereignty is a
“barrier” to trade and is thus “illegal” in the eyes of
the World Trade
Organization (WTO).  For instance, preemptive legislation that
takes
away local control over the regulation of confined animal feeding

operations (CAFOs – aka factory farms) undermines food sovereignty, as does

White House and Congressional reluctance to implement comprehensive country of

origin labeling (COOL) that would allow U.S. consumers to actually know
where
ALL their food comes from. Similarly, the corporate patenting of
lifeforms, the
expropriation of indigenous knowledge, and the exploitation
suffered by family
farmers and farm workers when they are denied fair trade
prices, unions, and
living wages are all other flagrant violations of food
sovereignty.


For years, Family Farm
Defenders has sought to spread and popularize the
concept of food
sovereignty in hopes of bringing U.S. food/farm activists into a
closer
solidarity relationship with their allies overseas.   To find out more

about how you can get involved, please
contact:


Family Farm Defenders,
1019   Williamson St. #B, Madison, WI 53703  tel./fax.

#608-260-0900


25 Things You Can Do
To Promote Local Food
Sovereignty!



1.) Create a food
policy council! Agriculture is too important to be left in
the hands of
faraway officials (elected or not).  Through a state or local food

policy council, you can directly help determine the future of what you grow and

eat in your own community.  For a directory of links to current food
councils,
visit:
http://www.law.drake.edu/academics/agLaw/?pageID=agFoodPolicy



2.) Promote socially responsible food procurement policies for your school,

church, or hospital which give preference to fresh local produce and fair trade

products!  Back in 1995 Northland College in Ashland, WI became one of
the
pioneers in this area. To find out more:

www.northland.edu/sustainability-campus-initiatives-food-systems  Over 40

hospitals in Maryland, Virginia, and Washington DC now have policies to
purchase
more local fruits and vegetables – to find out more, visit:

http://mdh2e.org/


3.) Patronize your local
farmers’ market! Between 1994 and 2009 the number of
farmers markets in the
U.S. nearly tripled to over 5200.  Not only will you get
the freshest
produce possible, but you can also put your hard earned money right
into
the hands of a hard working farmer.  To find the market nearest you, check

out the USDA’s national directory at:

www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/farmersmarkets



4.) Invest in a community landtrust! Over 1700 landtrusts now protect 37

million acres across the U.S. from urban sprawl and reckless development. That

is a land area equal to the size of the state of Michigan.  Family
farmers
benefit when land is set aside for agriculture and not subject to
the whims of
speculation.  For more info, visit: 
http://www.landtrustalliance.org/


5.)
Implement local policies encouraging conversion to sustainable organic
agriculture! Woodbury   County, IA recently passed a property tax rebate program
to encourage farmers to covert to organic. Conventional
farmers often cite the
expense of the three year transition period as a
reason to not switch, but this
policy addresses that.  To find out
more:

www.woodbury-ia.com/departments/EconomicDevelopment



6. ) Compile a farm fresh atlas to help connect local consumers with family

farmers!  There are now five different such atlases just in Wisconsin – for
an
example check out the one for southern WI compiled by REAP available at:

www.reapfoodgroup.org   A national local food directory organized
by zip code
can also be found at:
www.foodroutes.org


7. ) Cultivate a
garden! During WWII over 40% of U.S. produce was grown in
Victory Gardens,
and according to the National Gardening Association over $18
billion worth
of food is now grown in U.S. gardens each year. In 2008 alone seed
sales
were up 30%, meaning more people are discovering gardening as a survival

strategy in the face of the global economic crisis.  If you don’t know how
to
garden, talk to your neighbor down the street who does.  They will
be happy to
teach you and maybe even give you some
seeds!


8.) Organize a local food fair
trade holiday fair!   When it comes to
celebrating the true
spirit of the season, no gift can compare with one that
embodies good
karma.  Community Action in Latin America (CALA) has hosted such
local
food fair trade holiday fairs in Madison the first Sat. of Dec. for over

decade now, attracting thousands of people annually.  Info?

www.calamadison.org


9.) Launch a local
food fair trade fundraising project for your school,
non-profit, or faith
community!  Just Coffee and Family Farm Defenders both
began such an
effort a decade and a half ago. Does it make sense to have
children selling
junk food or sweatshop products for their marching band or
extracurricular
activity? – no, it doesn’t! To find out more, visit:

www.justcoffee.coop/fundraising or
http://familyfarmers.org/?page_id=244


10.)
Purchase development rights (PDR) to protect farmland! Between 1999 and

2004 alone there were over 600 local and state ballot measures passed,

dedicating $18+ billion towards land conservation efforts. All told, over

400,000 acres of farmland has now been protected through PDR efforts. Some

especially successful initiatives include Lancaster County, PA

(http://www.co.lancaster.pa.us/lanco/cwp/view.asp?a=371&Q=384772) and the

Town of Dunn in Dane County, WI

(http://town.dunn.wi.us/townofdunn/land+use/purchase+of+development+rights/default.asp).



11.) Join community supported agriculture (CSA)! Originating from Japan, CSAs

enable consumers to buy a share upfront in a local farm and in exchange get
a
basket of produce each week during the growing season. According to the
USDA
there are now over 12,000 farms marketing through CSAs across the U.S,
supplying
food to over a quarter a million families. This is a great way to
put a face
behind your food by building a direct relationship with a family
farmer in your
community.  To find a CSA near you, check out the
listings at:

http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/csa/csa.shtml



12.) Encourage urban agriculture! According to the U.N., over 15% of the

world’s food is now grown in cities (three times the amount that is traded

across borders). The notion that family farming should be relegated to rural

areas is not true or even practical.  Cuba is a world leader when it
comes to
urban farming (see the video: www.powerofcommunity.org). For encouraging U.S.

examples, check out: www.growingpower.org, www.intervale.org, www.greeningofdetroit.com or

read the new book by Robin Shulman – Eat the City (Crown
2012)


13.) Take the100 mile diet
challenge! If not for an entire year, then for at
least a few months or for
a single day like Thanksgiving. The objective: to only
eat food grown or
raised within a 100 radius of your home. What better way to
meet local
family farmers!  For more details, visit:
www.100milediet.org


14.) Learn how to
freeze, pickle, jam, and preserve your own food – like your
grandparents
did! Only about a third of people in the U.S. now put up food at
home, so
you can be at the cutting edge of the latest do it yourself (DIY)
trend. If
you need help, there often local extension “how to” classes and great

canning/freezing books at your public
library!


15.) Talk to your healthcare
provider about local food as a form of
preventative medicine! Physicians
Plus, Group Health Cooperative, Dean Care and
Unity Plus in Madison, 
WI all offer a “Eat Healthy” rebate for any member (up
to $100 per
individual or $200 for families) that get a CSA share. For more
details,
visit: 
http://www.csacoalition.org/our-work/csa-insurance-rebate/



16.) Implement comprehensive Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) for all
food! 
Consumers in over 40 other countries, including the European
Union and Japan,
have the right to know where their food comes, but not
consumers in the U.S. 
Several versions of the Farm Bill have included
COOL, but it only applies to
seafood, meat, and a limited range of fruits
and vegetables. To find out more
about what is wrong with “mystery” food,
check out the Poisoned Fruit of
American Trade Policy report from Food and
Water Watch:

http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/reports/the-poisoned-fruit-of-american-trade-policy/



17.) Help raise the market profile of local food! Back in the 1980s MN

farmers created their own label to help consumers find their homegrown produce

in the marketplace. Today, MN Grown is an official state program, issuing a

trademarked logo to qualified farmers and producing a popular directory

available at every state highway rest stop. Other states have now started

similar buy local efforts.  More info:
www.mda.state.mn.us/MNGROWN


18.) Support
farmworkers rights! The largest and lowest paid workforce in the
U.S. is in
the farm/food sector. This is due in part to the fact that
farmworkers were
specifically excluded from the 1935 National Labor Relations
Act, and thus
do not have the federal right to organize a union. Nonetheless,
grassroots
pressure campaigns such as that by the Coalition of Immokalee Workers
(CIW)
on behalf of immigrant tomato pickers in FL have forced fast food giants

like Taco Bell to raise wages and respect workers rights. More info:

www.ciw-online.org


19.) Get healthy local
food into school cafeterias!  There are an estimated
2500 farm to
school programs in the U.S., providing an important institutional
marketing
opportunity for family farmers.   Children deserve the healthiest food

possible and that is exactly what family farmers provide.   For
more info on the
National Farm to School Network: 
http://www.farmtoschool.org/


20.) Support
community gardens! There are now an estimated 18,000 community
gardens
throughout the U.S. and Canada.   Community gardens not only provide

people with nutritious produce, but have many other spin-off benefits such
as
higher property values, lower crime rates, and a better overall quality
of life
in often stressful urban settings.  For in inspiring history
of community
gardening in the U.S., check out:  City Bountiful by
Laura Lawson (Univ. of CA
Press
2005).


21.)  Support smart growth
development!  One of the greatest threats to
family farmers relentless
urban sprawl and speculative land grabbing.  Smart
growth helps set an
urban growth boundary, promotes in-fill and clustered
development, and
helps preserve open space, wildlife habitat, and productive
farmland in the
process.  For more details: 

http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/



22.)  Use tax increment financing (TIF) for local food/farm projects! 

Contrary to some assumptions, sustainable agriculture is a form of economic

development and should enjoy the same incentives that other projects
receive. 
For example, the Plant in Chicago – an innovative vertical

farming/agro-processing project was able to leverage TIF funding and other

public support – along with private “green” capital – to transform an
abandoned
meat processing warehouse into a multi-use production space and
retail outlet
that will create 125 jobs.  For more info: 
http://www.plantchicago.com/


23.) 
Create an urban garden district!   Many city residents and urban

planners are familiar with the idea of a historic district or a business

improvement district, but how about an urban garden district? 
Cleveland,  OH
just created such a zone, allowing urban farmers to
have greenhouses, chicken
coops, composting toilets, even off street
parking and roadside market stands. 
For more details, visit: 


http://planning.city.cleveland.oh.us/cwp/opp_oview.php



24.)  Oppose global “free” trade deals that hurt family farmers! 
Family
farmers should have the right to grow food at a fair price for their
own people
first – yet that food sovereignty idea is illegal under global
“free” trade
deals that literally force countries to open their borders to
food imports they
often don’t even want.  Worse yet, it is not family
farmers (or consumers) that
benefit from this trade, but a handful of
agribusiness corporations who dominate
and manipulate global commodity
markets.  Fair trade should be the hallmark of
all economic activity,
whether domestic or international.  To find out more: 

http://www.citizenstrade.org/ctc/, http://www.fairtradefederation.org/, 

http://www.thedfta.org/


25.) 
Celebrate local food when gathered with your family, friends, and

community!  Think back to when you were growing up… What were some of your

fondest memories of such holidays as Thanksgiving, Christmas, Hanukkah,
Kwanzaa,
Ramadan, Fourth of July, Labor Day?  Chances are they
included food – a special
family recipe, a unique ethnic dish, fish caught
by an elder, corn grown by a
relative.  Generic fast food cannot
replicate this unique experience.  We’ll all
eat better (and respect
family farmers more) if we put the culture back into

agri-culture.

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US-China Crawfish Dispute

11/23/2013

0 Comments

 
Source:
Washington University

1. The
Issue
 In the fall of 1996, U.S. domestic crawfish
producers filed a petition with the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) and the
U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) under the U.S. antidumping law with
respect to imports of crawfish from China. On August 29, 1997, the ITC ruled
that the Chinese were in fact dumping crawfish in the U.S. by selling below the
fair market value in the host country. This opened the way for the imposition of
tariffs ranging from 91% to 200%. However, was only the beginning of the case as
Louisiana Agriculture officials accused China of mislabeling crawfish imports as
"Product of Singapore" to avoid the tariff. This action took place in January of
1998, and further complicated things. These actions were then followed by a
series of lawsuits on the part Louisiana Department of Agriculture and the
importers of Chinese crawfish. Therefore, this case study will examine not only
the events leading up to the initial ruling, but the complex series of legal
maneuvers that each side as employed since that time. 2. DescriptionIn order to
make sense of this case, the description will be divided into two sub-sections.
The first will attempt to put this case in context by describing the events
surrounding the initial petition, the temporary tariff imposed by the ITC,
several counter-arguments, and the final decision by the ITC and the DOC. The
second will examine the accusations of product mislabeling and disease problems
that have kept this case in the news. While cultural items are mentioned, they
are dealt with in greater detail in section 25. Background When Chinese
crawfish first arrived on Louisiana shores in noticeable quantities in 1991,
"people laughed." (1) Most thought that cultural influences and
lower quality would prevent the imports from growing in popularity and for a
time this was the case. However, "over time people tried it... [and] it was good
enough, for $2 a pound."(2) So much so that by 1996 the Chinese crawfish
were making up somewhere between 70%-80% of the market and the domestic product
was increasingly threatened. This eventually led to a preliminary investigation
by the ITC at the request of the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on
Ways and Means. This investigation was barely two months old when domestic
crawfish producers (Crawfish Processors' Alliance) filed a petition with the ITC
and DOC, thus terminating the preliminary investigation.(3) The petition to the ITC and DOC was submitted
in September, 1996 and accused the Chinese of dumping (selling below fair market
value) crawfish on the U.S. market. In such an investigation there are
essentially two issues that must be decided. First, is dumping actually taking
place, and second, if it is, to what extent is it injuring the domestic product.
Approximately six months after the filing of the petition the U.S. decided that
dumping was in fact taking place and causing harm to the domestic producers. At
that time a temporary tariff was imposed that basically doubled the price of
crawfish tails until the extent of the damage could determined more precisely.(4) While this was clearly a victory for domestic
producers, it is less clear whether or not this is
also a victory for the domestic consumer. While the
majority of public sentiment (as found in print media) is supportive of domestic
producers, a number of writers have pointed out the other side of this issue.
One particular writer, Donald J. Boudreaux, makes a strong statement when he
says, "Many domestic crawfish suppliers are ... trying to suck the wealth from
consumers."(5) He disputes the Crawfish Processors'
Alliance's (CPA) claims of an attempted monopoly and future price increases by
pointing out that a number of countries are currently engaged in exporting
crawfish while still others posses the capacity to. In his opinion this insures
that U.S. crawfish consumers "would continue dining on competitively supplied
crawfish," if left alone.(6) Another subject that is broached by Mr.
Boudreaux is that of the differences in economies. This is significant because
in order to prove dumping, the U.S. must prove the Chinese are selling crawfish
below fair market value at home. However, the Chinese don't generally eat
crawfish and as one expert puts it, "If there is no fair market value at home,
then you're into a kind of little Never Never Land."(7) To overcome this the attorneys for the CPA
had to embark on a complicated economic analysis which substituted hypothetical
crawfish production in what they deemed to be comparable countries. Mr.
Boudreaux argues that this inflates the production costs of the Chinese and thus
contributes to the "illusion" that the Chinese sell their product at well below
cost. "Relief is finally on the way for our Louisiana crawfish
farmers,...
After a long fought battle our farmers will finally be put back
on
a level playing field. No longer will we have to ask the question,
'Are
they real Louisiana crawfish'? And more importantly, our
Louisiana crawfish
farmers won't have to ask the question,
'Can I stay in business'?"--Senator
John Breaux Despite the assertions of Senator Breaux in August of 1997, the
U.S.-China trade dispute involving crawfish has remained in the news. While this
case may at first glance appear to be relatively simple and unimportant, deeper
investigation yields a much different conclusion. This case is in reality a
complicated story full of twists and turns with implications ranging from fair
trade standards to traditional ways of l at low prices because Chinese crawfish
producers have low costs."(8) Another aspect to this that is seldom
discussed is the impact this case may eventually have on U.S. domestic seafood
exporters. During the same period of dramatic growth in Chinese crawfish
imports, U.S. seafood exporters have quadrupled their sales in China. These
sales increased from $19 million in 1992, to $79 million in 1996, in part due to
the support given them by the Chinese Ministry Agriculture and the China Council
for the Promotion of International Trade, Agricultural Sub-Council.(9) Similarly, part of the problem that domestic
crawfish producers have is their export practices. According to Elton Bernard
(an importer of Chinese crawfish) Louisianians export many of their biggest
crawfish to Sweden and other countries where they can get a better price. He
goes on to say that, "They should not complain, then, when they are on the other
side of the trade table."(10) Despite these potential impacts, the ITC
found in favor of the domestic producers in August of 1997and imposed tariffs
from 91% to 200%, depending on the importer. This was hailed by Louisianan
politicians as a great victory and a leveling of the playing field. While this
ruling did in fact end the formal phase of the process, it in no way ended the
controversy. Some, such as Karl Turner (of the Louisiana Seafood Promotion and
Marketing Board), have cautioned against undue optimism while at the same time
applauding the decision. According to Mr. Karl, the decision may ultimately harm
the domestic producers it was designed to protect. This is because, "We live now
in a world market, and we're not going to be able to keep these walls up very
long ... That product (Chinese crawfish) isn't going away, and we're going to
meet it in other markets."(11) Additional Developments Subsequent
to the ITC's August ruling, a number of events have served to keep this issue in
the news. The first of these occurred the month after the ruling when a
"shipment of Chinese crawfish tails was kept out of Sweden because it was
contaminated with the bacterium that causes cholera."(12) Since it was not cleared how this happened,
Louisiana Agricultural Commissioner Bob Odom reacted by sending samples of
Chinese crawfish that had been shipped to the U.S. to labs in Louisiana for
testing. While it was eventually determined that none of the shipments to the
U.S. were contaminated, it did keep the issue in the headlines and set the stage
for the later labeling controversy. In January of 1998 Mr. Odom once again made
headlines by seizing crawfish that were labeled "Product of Singapore." Mr. Odom
apparently became suspicious when the new product started showing up and sent
one of his deputies to Singapore to investigate. When the deputy was unable to
find signs of crawfish being grown or processed in Singapore, they concluded the
product had been mislabeled. Approximately 1.3 million pounds of "Singapore
crawfish" had been imported into the U.S. since July of 1997 (the same time the
temporary tariff was imposed) and state officials estimated that about 60% of
it, or 790,000 pounds, went to Louisiana. (13) However, U.S. importers contested this move
by suing Louisiana's Department of Agriculture and Forestry as well as Mr. Odom.
In February of 1998 First Coast Meat and Seafood (a importer of Chinese
crawfish) filed suit against the department and Mr. Odom and asked for a
temporary restraining order that would halt all department actions. However, the
restraining order was denied by a District Judge and Mr. Odom's office allowed
to proceed with the seizures. Attorneys for First Coast argued that the seizures
were unconstitutional because the product was taken without a hearing.
"Louisiana officials countered that the crawfish wasn't 'seized,' but merely was
barred from being sold until the facts could be established about the product's
origins."(14) Attorneys for the state of Louisiana also
argued that First Coast has no right to sue because they don't own the crawfish.
This action was still being decided as of the writing of this paper.
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Winter Garden

11/8/2013

0 Comments

 
Time in Louisiana to plant  winter crops. Usually it doesn't fall far below 20 degrees here, so you can plant a number of things. This year I'm putting in lettuce, endive, radishes, and broccoli. As usual, I'm using heirloom seeds from The Southern Exposure Seed Exchange.
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First Post!

2/3/2012

0 Comments

 
After the longest drought ever experienced in Louisiana last year, we now have had one of the mildest winters. Here it is early February and it's been in the 70's for a couple of weeks now. I just finished planting my seeds in my portable greenhouses (I use peat pellets). If it will quit raining long enough this weekend I'll be constructing raised beds.
 
A few days ago I planted blueberry bushes and strawberries. These are fruits that are guaranteed to produce once they are estblished. For those not familiar with growing blueberries, you have to have at least two different varieties planted. I planted one each of "Climax" and "Miffblue".The strawberries I chose were "Ozark Beauties", which are an old favorite of mine.

The reason for the raised beds has nothing to do with the quality of the soil, we have the best soil in the world here. It has to do with drainage. We are prone to very heavy  rains and on level ground, you might find your crops in standing water long enough to drown them.
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